1. At what degree temperature does the muffle furnace have to remain in the determination of volatile solids? a. 103 C b. 500 C c. 550 C d. 600 F 2. An NPDES permit is valid for a maximum of _ years. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 3. An application for renewal…
1. The temperature versus D.O. relationship for wastewater is such _. a. higher the temperature, the higher the D.O. saturation level. b. higher the temperature, the lower the D.O. saturation level c. lower the temperature, the lower the D.O. saturation level d. none of the above 2. The gas most commonly associated with fresh wastewater…
Phosphorus Luxury uptake of phosphorus is a biological treatment process whereby the bacteria usually found in the activated sludge treatment portion of the secondary wastewater treatment plant are withdrawn to an environment without oxygen (anaerobic). When the bacteria are faced with the situation of apparent death, the bacteria release phosphorus from their cell structure in…
Joining of Pipe Most pipes in sanitary WW use a bell on one end and a spigot on the other and a resilient type gasket to make the joining of the bell and spigot watertight. The bell should be pointed upgrade when installing. The most resilient gasket is the “O” ring type sealed in a…
Design requirements may vary greatly. Pipe design is approached differently for both materials and construction methods. The mechanics of the soil that will surround the pipes is a fundamental design aspect for the support characteristics, especially for flexible pipes. The soil type, density, and the moisture content are important characteristics. Sewer pipe bedding is the…
Phosphorus Phosphorus provides a nutrient or food source for algae. Phosphorus combined with inorganic nitrogen poses serious pollution threats to receiving waters because of high algae growths which result from the presence of the two nutrients in water. Algae in water are considered unsightly and can cause tastes and odors in drinking water supplies. Dead…
The most successful wetland operation has been at the end of conventional treatment processes such as Activated Sludge, or Lagoons. In this manner the wetland operates as a polishing process. The filtering action provided by the media and plant growth has been shown to be a viable option for the filtering of TSS and insoluble BOD…
Vitrified clay pipes are composed of crushed and blended clay that are formed into pipes, then dried and fired in a succession of temperatures. The final firing gives the pipes a glassy finish. Vitrified clay pipes have been used for hundreds of years and are strong, resistant to chemical corrosion, internal abrasion, and external chemical…
Definitions: Crown – inside top of pipe Invert – the lowest point of the inside of a pipe or manhole Force main – A pipe that carries wastewater under pressure from the discharge side of the pump. Pipe Construction and Materials There are several different pipe materials available for wastewater collection systems, each with a…
Tertiary treatment is the name given to processes designed to remove various pollutants from the wastewater stream other than the common BOD, and TSS. The two main subjects covered under tertiary treatment are Phosphorus removal and Nitrification and Denitrification. In addition Wetlands processes as a tertiary treatment process will also be covered here. Constructed wetlands…
