1. Convert 20 gpm to mgd 2. Convert 60 mph to ft/second 3. Convert 6000 cf to gallons 4. Convert 120 feet of static head into psi 5. Convert 14 acres into square feet Answers: 1. 20 gal/min X 1440 min/day = 28,800 gal/day OR 20 gal/min X 60 min/hr X 24 hr/day (28,000 gal/day)…
1. Which chemical may be used for odor control in a septic sewer system? A) Calcium chloride B) Hydrogen peroxide C) Oxidized aluminum D) Sodium chloride 2. Liners are installed in sewers to correct problems caused by _. A) Grade alignment B) Grease C) Grit D) Infiltration 3. To sample for pH, you should collect a…
1. A white filatmenout growth on the RBC media is indicative of _. a. high CaCO3 levels b. septic wastewater and high H2S c. treatment of creamery wastes d. high rotation speed and lime addition 2. Management is the process of getting things done _. a. without other people b. regardless of the means used…
Chlorine gas (Cl2) is compressed into a liquid for storage. It can be purchased in cylinders containing 150 or 2000 pounds of the liquefied gas. Chlorine gas is cheaper per pound than either of the other forms. CHLORINE POWDER Chlorine in its dry form is calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2]. It is also most commonly known by…
Lift Stations Force Mains Force mains are pipelines that convey wastewater under pressure from the discharge side of a pump or pneumatic ejector to a discharge point. Pumps or compressors located in a lift station provide the energy for wastewater conveyance in force mains. The key elements of force mains are: Pipe Valves…
Breakpoint Chlorination Since ammonia is present in all domestic wastewaters, the reaction of ammonia with chlorine is a great significance. When chlorine is added to waters containing ammonia, the ammonia reacts with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to form monochloramine, dichloramine and trichloramine. The formation of these chloramines depends on the pH of the solution and the…
(Lift Stations) Lift station operation and maintenance costs include power, labor, maintenance, and chemicals (if used for odor control). Usually, the costs for solids disposal are minimal, but are included if the lift station is equipped with bar screens to remove coarse materials from the wastewater. Typically, power costs account for 85 to 95 percent…
Several terms are used to identify the various stages and reactions that occur when chlorine is used as a disinfectant. The basic unit of measurement for chlorination, or any other chemical treatment is milligrams per liter (mg/l) or parts per million (ppm). These are very small units reflecting concentrations that are essentially one part chemical…
(Lift Stations) The most labor-intensive task for lift stations is routine preventive maintenance. A well planned maintenance program for lift station pumps prevents unnecessary equipment wear and downtime. Lift station operators must maintain an inventory of critical spare parts. The number of spare parts in the inventory depends on the critical needs of the unit,…
1. Pipe materials that are the least susceptible to corrosion of acids formed from gases generated in sewers are _. a. ACP b. CIP c. RCP d. VCP 2. A chlorine gas mask should be provided _. a. just outside the chlorine room door b. just inside the chlorine room door c. in the plant…
