A gas chlorine system consists of one or more gas cylinders connected to gas chlorinator. The gas chlorinator consists of a pressure regulating valve, a feed rate indicator, a flow regulating device (a V-notch plug or needle valve), and an injector or ejector. The chlorine pressure-regulating valve (CPRV) opens when a vacuum is created by…
Force mains from the lift station are typically designed for velocities between 2 to 8 feet per second). Such velocities are normally based on the most economical pipe diameters and typical available heads. For shorter force mains (less than 2,000 feet) and low lift requirements (less than 30 feet), the recommended design force main velocity…
HTH Handling Safety Powdered chlorine should be stored in a cool dry place separate from other chemicals. HTH must never be allowed to come in contact with petroleum products or organic solvents. If this happens, it will explode violently! This is also true for the other forms of chlorine, but is more likely to occur…
(Force Mains) Use of force mains can significantly reduce the size and depth of sewer lines and decrease the overall costs of sewer system construction. Typically, when gravity sewers are installed in trenches deeper than 20 feet, the cost of sewer line installation increases significantly because more complex and costly excavation equipment and trench shoring…
1. Convert 20 gpm to mgd 2. Convert 60 mph to ft/second 3. Convert 6000 cf to gallons 4. Convert 120 feet of static head into psi 5. Convert 14 acres into square feet Answers: 1. 20 gal/min X 1440 min/day = 28,800 gal/day OR 20 gal/min X 60 min/hr X 24 hr/day (28,000 gal/day)…
1. Which chemical may be used for odor control in a septic sewer system? A) Calcium chloride B) Hydrogen peroxide C) Oxidized aluminum D) Sodium chloride 2. Liners are installed in sewers to correct problems caused by _. A) Grade alignment B) Grease C) Grit D) Infiltration 3. To sample for pH, you should collect a…
1. A white filatmenout growth on the RBC media is indicative of _. a. high CaCO3 levels b. septic wastewater and high H2S c. treatment of creamery wastes d. high rotation speed and lime addition 2. Management is the process of getting things done _. a. without other people b. regardless of the means used…
Chlorine gas (Cl2) is compressed into a liquid for storage. It can be purchased in cylinders containing 150 or 2000 pounds of the liquefied gas. Chlorine gas is cheaper per pound than either of the other forms. CHLORINE POWDER Chlorine in its dry form is calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2]. It is also most commonly known by…
Lift Stations Force Mains Force mains are pipelines that convey wastewater under pressure from the discharge side of a pump or pneumatic ejector to a discharge point. Pumps or compressors located in a lift station provide the energy for wastewater conveyance in force mains. The key elements of force mains are: Pipe Valves…
Breakpoint Chlorination Since ammonia is present in all domestic wastewaters, the reaction of ammonia with chlorine is a great significance. When chlorine is added to waters containing ammonia, the ammonia reacts with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to form monochloramine, dichloramine and trichloramine. The formation of these chloramines depends on the pH of the solution and the…
